Search “military structures” on Alamy, a stock photo and image resource
Fortress Study Group (UK-based, international in scope, see also the International Fortress Council)
International Commission on Military History
National Parks Service (NPS), Forts
Bevan, Robert, The destruction of memory: architecture at war, Reaktion Books, Ltd, HM554 .B48 2016
Chaliand, Gerard, Art of War in World History: from antiquity to the nuclear age, U27.A6713 1994 (Anthology of essential texts)
Hirst, Paul Q., Space and power: politics, war, and architecture, Polity, JC323 .H57 2005
“Military architecture & fortification,” Oxford Art Online.
“Philosophy of war & peace,” and “International relations,” Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Sheffield, G. D., War studies reader: from the Renaissance to the present day and beyond, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010 (via Ebook Central)
Burke, Aaron A., Walled Up to Heaven: the evolution of middle bronze age fortification strategies in the Levant, Eisenbrauns, 2008 (via Ebook Central)
Collins, Rob, et al, Roman military architecture on the frontiers: armies and their architecture in late antiquity, Oxbow Books, 2015 (via Ebook Central)
Eph'al, Isreal, The city besieged: siege and its manifestations in the ancient Near East, Brill, 2009 (via Ebook Central)
Frederiksen, Rune, et al (editors), Focus on fortification: new research on fortifications in the ancient Mediterranean and the Near East, Oxbow Books, 2016 (via Ebook Central)
Frontinus, Sextus Julius, The stratagems: the Aqueducts of Rome, Harvard University Press, U101 .F78 1925 Vols 1 & 2
Ghasemi, Parsa, “Tal-E Khandagh (“moated mound”): a military structure in ancient Fars,” Near Eastern Archaeology, December 2012, p.240-251 (PDF via Jstor)
Information on hillforts, University of Oxford, School of Archaeology
Lendon, J. E., Soldiers and Ghosts: a history of battle in classical antiquity, Yale University Press, 2005 (via Ebook Central)
Meyers, Eric M., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 5 volumes, DS56.O9 1996 (Anthology)
Onasander, The General (Strategikos), 1st century CE (Discussion of sieges and defending cities)
Sidebottom, Harry, Ancient warfare: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2004 (via Ebook Central)
Sun Tzu, The Art of War, U101.S95 1988 (A translation by Ralph D. Sawyer is available via Ebook Central)
Vitruvius, Pollio, Ten books on architecture, Dover, NA2515.V73 1960 (Book 1, "City Walls"; Book 10, "Measures of Defence")
"What are hillforts? Investigating one of the most misunderstood monuments in Britain and Ireland," Current Archaeology, May 31, 2022
"The Architecture of Power: Palaces, Citadels and Fortifications," in Architecture of the Islamic world, edited by George Michell, Morrow, NA380.A73 1978
Gil-Crespo, Ignacio-Javier, “Islamic fortifications in Spain built with rammed earth,” Construction History, 2016, Vol.31, #2, p.1-22 (PDF via Jstor)
Kaufmann, H. W. & J.E. Kaufmann, Fortifications of the Incas: 1200-1531, Osprey, F3429.3.A65 K38 2006
Kennedy, Hugh, Crusader Castles, Cambridge University Press, NA1465.K44 1994
Morris, Marc, Castle: a history of buildings that shaped medieval Britain, Pan, NA7745 .M67 2004
Qiao, Yun, Ancient Chinese architecture; Defense structures, NA1543.5.J813 2001 (Oversize)
Tyerman, Christopher, Crusades: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2006 (via Ebook Central)
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene-Emmanuel, Castles and warfare in the Middle Ages, Dover Publications, UG460.V5613 2005
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene-Emmanuel, Military architecture of the Middle Ages, University Press of the Pacific, UG460.V5613 2003
Wenzler, Claude & Hervé Champollion, Châteaux forts et fortresses de la France médiévale, Editions de Lodi, UG429.F8 W469 2007
Alberti, Leon Battista, On the Art of Building in Ten Books, MIT Press, NA2515.A3513 (Book 4, "On Public Works")
Black, Jeremy, War in the early modern world, 1450-1815, Routledge, 1998 (via Ebook Central)
Dechert, Michael S. A., “The military architecture of Francesco di Giorgio in southern Italy,” JSAH, Vol. 49, #2, June 1990, p.161-180 (PDF via Jstor)
Falkner, James, "Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban: father of the fortress," HistoryNet, August 29, 2017
Hughes, Quentin, Fortress: architecture and military history in Malta, Progress Press, DG991 .H8 2001
Langins, Janis, Considering the Enlightenment: French military engineering from Vauban to the Revolution, MIT Press, UG429.F8L36 2004
Machiavelli, Niccolò, The Art of War, 1521
Ostwald, Jamel, Vauban under siege: engineering efficiency and martial vigor in the war of the Spanish succession, Brill, 2007 (via Ebook Central)
Pepper, Simon, "Sword and spade: military construction in Renaissance Italy," Construction History, 2000, Vol.16, p.13-32 (PDF via Jstor)
Robinson, Willard B., “Military architecture at Mobile Bay,” JSAH, Vol.30, #2, May 1971, p.119-139 (PDF via Jstor)
Tomlinson, Howard, “The Ordnance Office and the King's forts, 1660-1714,” Architectural history, v. 16, 1973, p.5-25, 72-76 (PDF via Jstor)
Black, Jeremy, Western Warfare, 1775-1882, Routledge, 2001 (via Ebook Central)
Chang, Jiat-Hwee, A genealogy of tropical architecture : colonial networks, nature and technoscience, Routledge, NA2542.T7 C48 2016
Clausewitz, Carl von, On War, Wildside Press, U102 .C65 2009
Hoagland, Alison, “Standardization and Military Architecture in Wyoming, 1860-1900,” JSAH, Vol.57, #3, September 1998
Jomini, Antoine Henri, The Art of War, 1838
Jones, David E., Native North American armor, shields, and fortifications, University of Texas Press, 2004 (via Ebook Central)
Koch, Robert, “The medieval castle revival: New York armories,” JSAH, October 1955, Vol.14, #3, p.23-29 (PDF via Jstor)
Military Maxims of Napoleon (Compiled from the notes of Burnod and D'Aguilar)
Albrecht, Donald, World War II and the American Dream, MIT Press, HD7289.W67 1995 (On the defense-related building boom)
Barton, Peter, et al, Beneath Flanders Fields: the tunnellers’ war, 1914-1918, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005 (via Ebook Central)
Black, Jeremy, Warfare in the Western World, 1882-1975, Acumen, 2001 (via Ebook Central)
Bruegmann, Robert (editor), Modernism at Mid-Century: Air Force Academy, University of Chicago Press, NA6610.C66U546 1994
Cohen, Jean-Louis, Architecture in uniform: designing and building for the Second World War, Canadian Centre for Architecture, NA680 .C589 2011
“Collateral Damage: War & Architecture,” JAE, v. 61, #3, February 2008 (Theme issue)
Curry, Andrew, “Under the Western Front,” Archaeology, July / August 2009, p.49-52, 54 (PDF via Jstor)
Guidi, Guido, Bunker: along the Atlantic Wall, Electa, DS757.G8 2006
Hersher, Andrew, Violence taking place: the architecture of the Kosovo conflict, Stanford University Press, 2010 (via Ebook Central)
“The Landscape of war,” JSAH, v. 72, #3, September 2013 (Theme issue)
Townshend, Charles, Oxford Illustrated History of Modern War, Oxford University Press, U39.O94 1997
Virilio, Paul, Bunker Archaeology, Princeton Architectural Press, UG429.F8 V5213 1994 (via Ebook Central)
Defense Daily International (Industry news)
HIS Jane's intelligence reports (Publisher of “the world's most comprehensive and reliable commercially available global defense equipment and technology profiles”)
Seo, Hyun, “Die Kultur des Militärs, Bauwelt, September 26, 2008 (On South Korea)
Shibley, Robert, “Toward a Military Construction Model for Quality Architectural Design: a long range corps of engineers architectural research plan,” JAE, 1974, Vol.26, #4, p.86-99 (pdf via Jstor)
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Documents global defense works)
NASA Facilities Engineering and Real Estate Division
U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center
U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute
Farneth, Stephen & Marsha Maytum, “National park lodge opens in former military base site on San Francisco Bay,” Urban Land, February 2009, p.23-24
King, John, “Tactical maneuver: an art school carves out a new space for itself from the shell of an army warehouse,” Architectural Record, March 2018, p.76-79
McKee, Bradford, “Military base conversions,” Architecture, August 1994, p.99-105
“Military base conversions,” Architectural Record, October 1993 (Building type study)
“Presidio, [San Francisco, California],” A&U: Architecture & Urbanism, April 2018, p.170-179
Smith, Adam & Christopher Preble, “Another BRAC Now,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, Spring 2018, p.3-11 (PDF via Jstor)
Stefa, Elian, et al, Concrete mushrooms: reusing Albania’s 750,000 abandoned bunkers, DPR-Barcelona, UG429.A38 S74 2012
Ulam, Alex, “Opening a forbidden land: [Governors Island, New York, N.Y.],” Topos, 2014, #89, p.24-29 (Historic military site)
“Arms and armour,” Oxford Art Online.
Biringuccio, Vannoccio, The Pirotechnia, Dover, TN664.B5713 1990
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Department of Defense Laboratories
Ffoulkes, Charles John, The Armourer and his Craft, Dover, U810.F46 1988
Harrod, James B., “The Bow: Ancient Greece and the Mesolithic,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, September 1981
Missile Threat (Encyclopedic and up-to-date guide to ballistic missiles around the world)
Neer, Robert, Napalm: an American biography, Harvard University Press, 2013 (via Ebook Central)
Newpower, Anthony, Iron men and tin fish: the race to build a better torpedo during World War II, Praeger, 2006 (via Ebook Central)
Nicolle, David (editor), A companion to medieval arms and armour, Boydell Press, U810 .C65 2002
Pushies, Fred, Weapons of Delta Force, Quayside Publishing Group, 2010 (via Ebook Central)
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) (Department of Defense)
U.S. research laboratories for the Army, Navy, Air Force (Wright-Patterson)
Errard, Fortification Réduicte Art and Démonstrée, 1600 (Plates available at Wikimedia)
Keeley, Lawrence H., et al, “Baffles and bastions: the universal features of fortifications,” Journal of Archaeological Research, March 2007, p.55-95 (PDF via Jstor)
Ng, Morgan, “New light on Francesco de Marchi…and his treatise on fortification,” Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institute in Florenz, 2016, [58:3], p.402-410 (PDF via Jstor)
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-Emmanuel, Annals of a fortress: twenty-two centuries of siege warfare, Stackpole Books, UG401 .V6 2000
Wallace, “Michelangelo's Drawings for the Fortifications of Florence,” JSAH, v. 46, #2, June 1987
American Battlefield Protection Program (National Park Service)
Eyring, Shaun & Lucy Lawliss, “Preserving Battlefield Terrain: technologies for earthworks management,” APT Bulletin, 2000, Vol.31, #4, p.13-19 (PDF via Jstor)
Gatewood, John B. & Catherine M. Cameron, “Battlefield pilgrims at Gettysburg National Military Park,” Summer 2004, p.193-216 (PDF via Jstor)
Larsen, Svend Erik, “Landscape, Identity, and War,” New Literary History, Summer 2004, p.469-490
Almond, Kyle (author) & John Moore (photographer), “This is what the US-Mexico border looks like,” CNN, accessed February 2018 (via cnn.com)
Balibar, Etienne Balibar & Erin M. Williams, “World Borders, Political Borders,” PMLA, January 2002, Vol.117, #1, p.71-78 (PDF via Jstor)
Barry, Tom & Deborah Chasman, Border wars, MIT Press, 2011 (via Ebook Central)
“Great wall of China,” and “Hadrian’s wall,” Oxford Art Online.
Preuss, Evelyn, “The Wall You Will Never Know,” Perspecta, #36, 2005, p.19-31 (On the Berlin Wall)
Romero, Fernando, Hyperborder: the contemporary U.S.-Mexico border and its future, Princeton Architectural Press, 2008 (via Ebook Central)
Sterling, Brent L., Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors? What history teaches us about strategic barriers and international security, Georgetown University Press, 2009 (via Ebook Central)
"Territory," Section 1.III.f of Oliver, Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, NA208.E53 1997 (Reference)
Wilson, Thomas M. & Hastings Donnan (editors), Companion to Border Studies, Wiley Blackwell, 2012 (via Ebook Central)
U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security
Adams, Robert McCormick, Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico, Aldine Publishing Co., GN490.A4 1966
De la Croix, Horst, “Military Architecture and the Radial City Plan in Sixteenth Century Italy,” The Art Bulletin, December 1960 (PDF via Jstor)
De la Croix, Horst, Military considerations in city planning: fortifications, George Braziller, UG407.D37 1972
Fontana-Giusti, Gordana, “Walling and the city: the effects of walls and walling within the city space,” Journal of Architecture, June 2011, p.309-345
Hatuka, Tali & Diane E. Davis, Violent acts and urban space in contemporary Tel Aviv, University of Texas Press, 2010 (via Ebook Central)
Kaufmann, J.E. & H. W. Kaufmann, The medieval fortress: castles, forts and walled cities of the Middle Ages, Greenhill Books, UG428 .K39 2001
Jäger, Thomas, “The art of orthogonal planning: Laparelli’s trigonomic design of Valletta,” JSAH, March 2004, p.4-31 (PDF via Jstor)
Lampl, Paul, Cities and planning in the ancient Near East, Braziller, NA9245.N4 L3
Maas, Winy, et al, City shock: planning the unexpected, Nai010 Publishers, NA9207 .C589 2012
Nijenhuis, Wim, “City Frontiers and Their Disappearance,” Assemblage, December 1991, p.42-53 (PDF via Jstor)
Ortiz, Steven & Samuel Wolff, “Guarding the border to Jerusalem: the Iron Age city of Gezer, Archaeology, March 2012, p.4-19 (PDF via Jstor)
Ramroth, William G., Planning for disaster: how natural and man-made disasters shape the built environment, Kaplan Publishing, NA9053.E58 R35 2007
Reps, John William, Town planning in frontier America, University of Missouri Press, NA9106 .R46 1980
Šarac, Darko, “The influence of wars on settlement formation and development: the case of Ljubljana, Slovenia,” Urbani Izziv, December 2013, p.81-95 (PDF via Jstor)
Segal, Rafi, et al, A civilian occupation: the politics of Israeli architecture, Babel; Verso, NA1477 .C58 2003
Tuttle, Richard J., “Against Fortifications: The Defense of Renaissance Bologna,” JSAH, October 1982, p.189-201 (PDF via Jstor)
Tracy, James D. (editor), City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective, Cambridge University Press, UG405.2.C58 2000
"A-Bomb Resistant Buildings," Architectural Forum, November 1950, p.147-148
American Institute of Architects, National School Fallout Shelter Design Competition Awards, AIA/Department of Defense, TH1097.A431 1963
"Building for Defense," Architectural Forum, April 1952, p.148-151, 176-177
"Buildings Can Be Designed to Resist A-Bombs," Architectural Record, August 1952, p.182-186
Lichtman, Sarah A., “Do-It-Yourself Security: safety, gender, and the home fallout shelter in cold war America,” Journal of Design History, Spring 2006, p.39-55
"The pros and cons of architecture for civil defense," Progressive Architecture, September 1951, p.63-80
The atomic café, directed by Kevin Rafferty, Docurama, UG1282 .A765 2002 (Media Shelf)
“Security and Historic Buildings,” APT Bulletin, v. 35, #1, 2004 (Theme issue)
Stefa, Elian, Concrete mushrooms: reusing Albania's 750,000 abandoned bunkers, DPR-Barcelona, UG429.A38 S74 2012
Addis, Bill, “Francesco di Giorgio’s contribution to the development of building engineering,” Construction History, 2016, Vol.31, #2, p.39-58 (PDF via Jstor)
Barton, Peter, et al, Beneath Flanders Fields: the tunnellers’ war, 1914-1918, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005 (via Ebook Central)
Fitzharris, Joseph C. (editor), “Building bridges,” and “Equipment, bridges, and rations,” in Patton’s fighting bridge builders, Texas A&M University Press, 2006 (via Ebook Central)
Klosky, J. Ledlie & Wynn E. Klosky, "Men of action: French influence and the founding of American civil and military engineering," Construction History, 2013, Vol.28, #3, p.69-87 (PDF via Jstor)
Solonick, Justin S., Engineering victory: the Union siege of Vicksburg, Southern Illinois University Press, 2015 (via Ebook Central)
“American concentration camps” (On Japanese internment camps, via Densho.org)
Cannaday, Shelley, “Tule Lake today: internment and its legacies,” Boom: a Journal of California, Spring 2013, p.17-33
Chernavin, V., “Life in concentration camps in USSR,” The Slavonic and East European Review, January 1934, p.387-408 (PDF via Jstor)
Gutman, Yisreal & Michael Barenbaum, Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp, Indiana University Press, D805.P7A53 1994
International Committee of the Red Cross, Prisoners of war & detainees (International humanitarian law guidelines)
Miessen, Markus, “The statu(t)e of liberty: spatial location as a blueprint of evil,” Volume, 2006, #6, p.40-[49]
“Castrum” Oxford Art Online (On the Roman fort plan)
Fort Wiki (US historic forts)
Gillem, Mark, America town: building the outposts of empire, Journal of Architectural Education, 2007 (via Ebook Central)
Klingelhofer, Eric, First Forts: essays on the archaeology of proto-colonial fortifications, Brill, 2010 (via Ebook Central; Colonialism viewed as the construction of fortifications)
“Lists of military installations,” (Wikipedia, international)
Urban Land Institute, Military Installation Redevelopment: selected references, ULI Information Service, UC403.U72 2000
U.S. Military Installations (Department of Defense directory)
Ban, Shigeru, “Twelve years of emergency architecture,” Verb: architecture boogazine: crisis, NA687.V47 2006 (Office)
Camp Management Toolkit (Guidelines from the Norwegian Refugee Council)
Gans, Deborah & Matt Jelacic, “Displacement: The Realpolitik of Utopia,” Perspecta, 2003, #34, p.118-125
Gehring, Mathias, “On the way home,” Topos, 2015, #93, p.72-79
Herscher, Andrew, Displacements: architecture and refugee, Sternberg Press, HV640 .H47 2017
Herz, Manuel, “The refugee camps of the Western Sahara,” Lotus International, September 2015, p.52-61
Hyndman, Jennifer, Managing displacement: refugees and the politics of humanitarianism, University of Minnesota Press, 2000 (Ebook Central)
Jacobs, Karrie, “What’s next: rethinking the refugee camp,” Architect, January 2017, p.78-82, 84, 86
Osman, Alishine Hussein, “Traversals: in and out of the Dadaab refugee camps,” Perspecta, 2017, Vol.50, p.173-191
Rosapina, Elisabetta, “Looking beyond the emergency,” Abitare, September 2017, p.75-81
Shelter Centre (Supports “transitional settlement and reconstruction needs of populations affected by conflicts and natural disasters”)
U.N. Refugee Agency (UNHCR, publisher of Refugee Magazine)
Behrens, Roy, “The theories of Abbott H. Thayer, father of camouflage,” Leonardo, 1988, Vol. 21, #3, p.291-296 (PDF via Jstor)
Covert, Claudia T., “Art at war: dazzle camouflage,” Art documentation, Fall 2007, p.50-56 (PDF via Jstor)
Cruz, Teddy, “From Washington, D.C., to the Emergent American Neighborhood: Strategies of Surveillance, Tactics of Encroachment,” Perspecta, #39, 2007 (PDF via Jstor)
Davies, Kevin, “Problems in Australian civil-military relations: the Defence Central Camouflage Committee, 1940-1943,” Army History, Summer 2016, p.18-30 (PDF via Jstor)
Edgar, Timothy H., Snowden: privacy, mass surveillance, and the struggle to reform the NSA, Brookings Institution Press, 2017 (via Ebook Central)
George, Roger Z. & James B. Bruce, Analyzing Intelligence: origins, obstacles, and innovations, Georgetown University Press, 2008 (via Ebook Central)
Levin, Thomas Y., et al (editors), Ctrl [space]: rhetorics of surveillance from Bentham to Big Brother, MIT Press, N72. T4 C77 2002
Weir, Gary E., “The DEW Line – Cold War defense at the top of the world,” NGA, March 12, 2018 (via medium.com)
Wittmann, Konrad F., Industrial camouflage manual, Reinhold Pub. Corp., UG449 .W5 1942
Yesil, Bilge, Video Surveillance: power and privacy in everyday life, LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2009 (via Ebook Central)
Barton, Peter, et al, Beneath Flanders Fields: the tunnellers’ war, 1914-1918, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005 (via Ebook Central)
Curry, Andrew, “Under the Western Front,” Archaeology, July / August 2009, p.49-52, 54 (PDF via Jstor)
Watkins, Nicole J. & Alena M. James, “Digging into Israel: the sophisticated tunneling network of Hamas,” Journal of Strategic Security, Spring 2016, p.84-103 (PDF via Jstor)
Dusseault, Ruth, “The Incomplete Illusion: Photographing the Training Ground,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol.72, #3, 2013, p.292–300 (PDG via JSTOR)
Graham, Stephen, Cities under siege : the new military urbanism, Verso, HT151 .G66 2011
"In the box: a tour through the simulated battlefields of the U.S. Army National Training Center" [2012] (via v-e-n-u-e.com)
"Introduction to military operations W4N0001XQ-DM student handout," United States Marine Corps, [undated]
Keogh, Tim (editor), War and the city : the urban context of conflict and mass destruction, BRILL, 2020 (via Proquest Ebook Central)
Schulz-Dornburg, Julia, The complete guide to combat city, Jovis, U290 .S38 2024
Spencer, John, "The Army needs an urban warfare school and it needs it soon," Modern War Institute at West Point, April 5, 2017
Arcand, Jean-Louis, “The impact of land mines on child health: evidence from Angola,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, January 2015, p.249-279 (PDF via Jstor)
Beard, Peter, “Constructing beyond use: themes of memory and threat in post-military space,” AA files, Autumn 2000, #42, p.62-63 (On redundant military sites in Europe)
Coates, Peter, et al, “Defending nation, defending nature?” Environmental History, July 2011, p.456-491 (PDF via Jstor)
Gallagher, American Ground Zero: the secret nuclear war, U264.4.N3 G35 1993
Hacker, Marc, "Notes on a Changed World," Perspecta, 1984, #21 (On decommissioned missile silos; PDF via Jstor)
Masco, Joseph, “The age of fallout,” History of the Present, Fall 2015, p.137-168 (PDF via Jstor)
The Office of Experiments (UK-based group that maps military research & development sites)
Zierler, David, Invention of ecocide, University of Georgia Press, 2011 (via Ebook Central)
Advanced works, Alcazars, Armories, Arsenals, Baileys, Barbicans, Barracks, Barricades, Bastions, Berms, Blockhouses, Bunkers, Burj, Cantonments, Castles, Châtelets, Citadels, City walls, Combat Outpost (COP), Coastal fortifications, Curtains, Defence/Defense, Ditches, Donjons, Drill halls, Field fortifications, Fire support base (FSB, FB), Fortifications, Fortlets, Fortresses, Forts, Forward Operating Base (FOB), Garrison, Guardhouses, Hillforts, Hornwork, Launch towers, Magazines, Migdols, Military architecture, Military academies, Military posts, Military towers, Missile silos, Moated castles, Naval architecture, Ordnance depots, Outworks, Parapets, Pentagonal forts, Plant fortifications, Post exchanges, Posterns, Presidio, Proving ground, Qasr, Ramparts, Redoubts, Ring-forts, Ring-works, Sentry boxes